Comparing 5 Types of Septic Systems: Pros and Cons

Septic systems play a crucial role in waste management for homes and commercial properties, ensuring the safe disposal of wastewater. With various options available, each type has its unique features, advantages, and challenges.

Improperly sited septic systems can lead to water quality degradation and public health threats, while properly sited systems can provide a low-cost, environmentally responsible method of waste disposal (Moore, J. 2005). Let’s compare 5 types of septic systems, which will help you make an informed decision about the best solution for your needs.

However, the suitability of each type may vary based on specific site conditions, local regulations, and the volume of wastewater generated.

• Conventional Septic Systems

Conventional systems are the most common type used in rural and suburban areas. These systems rely on a simple process where wastewater from the home or commercial property flows into an underground septic tank. Solids settle at the bottom, and liquids are distributed into a drain field (also known as a leach field) where the soil naturally filters and treats the effluent.

For instance, your regular septic tank pumping in Essa is essential to maintain efficiency, as homeowners are advised to schedule this maintenance every 3 to 5 years.

Pros:

• Cost-effective: Conventional systems are often the most affordable option, both in terms of initial installation and ongoing maintenance.
• Simple operation: The system operates primarily through gravity, making it easy to manage with minimal mechanical components.
• Suitable for large properties: With enough land for a drain field, conventional systems can handle a substantial amount of wastewater.

Cons:

• Requires suitable soil: A conventional system relies on the soil’s ability to filter the effluent. If the soil is too dense (like clay) or too porous (like sand), it may not effectively treat the wastewater, leading to potential contamination.
• Not ideal for high water tables: Properties with shallow water tables or areas prone to flooding are unsuitable for conventional systems, as groundwater can interfere with the system’s ability to function properly.
• Space requirements: Conventional septic systems require a significant amount of land for the drain field, making them less suitable for small properties or urban areas.

• Aerobic Treatment Units (ATUs)

ATUs offer a more advanced approach to wastewater management compared to conventional systems. These systems utilize oxygen to enhance the natural breakdown of organic matter in wastewater, making them particularly effective in treating effluent.

Compared to anaerobic bacteria found in conventional systems, aerobic bacteria grown in oxygen-rich wastewater, within an ATU tank, are more effective at digesting waste. This is done through the introduction of air to the wastewater.

Pros:

• Higher treatment efficiency: Aerobic systems typically provide cleaner effluent compared to conventional systems, which reduces the risk of groundwater contamination and enhances environmental protection.
• Smaller footprint: Because ATUs can treat wastewater more effectively, they often require less space for the drain field, making them suitable for properties with limited land.
• Versatile application: ATUs are ideal for properties with challenging soil conditions or smaller lots, where conventional systems might not be viable.

Cons:

• Increased installation and maintenance costs: The upfront cost of installing an ATU is generally higher than that of conventional systems, primarily due to the need for specialized equipment and aeration systems. Additionally, ongoing maintenance can be more frequent and costly, as the systems require regular inspections and servicing.
• Dependence on electricity: Aerobic systems require power to operate the aeration process, making them less reliable during power outages. Homeowners need to consider backup power options to ensure continued operation.
• Regular maintenance requirements: While ATUs are efficient, they need consistent monitoring and maintenance to function properly. This includes checking the aeration components and ensuring the system is free from blockages.

• Mound Septic Systems

Mound systems are designed for properties where conventional septic systems are unsuitable due to poor soil conditions, high water tables, or limited land availability. The mound system involves constructing a raised mound of sand or gravel, which acts as a drain field for the treated wastewater.

The wastewater is first processed in a septic tank before being distributed into the mound, where it is filtered through the sand and ultimately treated by natural processes.

Pros:

• Ideal for challenging conditions: Mound systems excel in areas with shallow soil layers or high water tables, providing an effective solution where traditional systems fail.
• Minimized groundwater contamination risk: By elevating the drain field, mound systems help ensure that treated effluent is adequately filtered before reaching the groundwater, reducing the risk of contamination.
• Flexible design: Mound systems can be customized to fit various property layouts, allowing for better integration into the landscape.

Cons:

• Higher installation costs: The construction of mound systems typically involves more materials and labour than conventional systems, resulting in higher initial costs.
• Space requirements: While mound systems can be more flexible in design, they still require sufficient space for the mound itself, which can be a limitation for smaller properties.
• Ongoing maintenance needs: Regular maintenance and monitoring are crucial to ensure the system functions correctly. Homeowners must check the mound for signs of settling or erosion and ensure that vegetation does not interfere with the system’s operation.

• Chamber Septic Systems

This system is an innovative alternative to conventional septic systems, utilizing open chambers instead of gravel-filled trenches for effluent distribution. These systems consist of elongated, perforated plastic chambers that allow wastewater to flow through and be absorbed by the surrounding soil.

The design promotes better aeration and can enhance the treatment of wastewater compared to traditional gravel systems.

Pros:

• Flexible Design and Installation: Chamber systems offer greater flexibility in layout and installation, allowing for customized configurations that can adapt to various property sizes and shapes.
• Suitable for Challenging Soil Conditions: These systems can be effectively utilized in areas with difficult soil conditions, such as compacted or poorly draining soils, where conventional systems might struggle.
• Simplified Installation Process: The absence of gravel reduces the complexity and labour involved in installation, making it easier to set up and potentially lowering the installation time.

Cons:

• Limited Long-Term Data: Being a relatively new technology, chamber septic systems lack extensive long-term performance data. This means that their durability and efficiency over time may not be as well-established as traditional systems.
• Potentially Higher Costs: Depending on the materials used and installation requirements, chamber systems can be more costly than conventional septic systems, which might deter some homeowners from choosing this option.

• Drip Distribution Septic Systems

Drip distribution systems are designed to efficiently manage wastewater by delivering it in small, measured amounts to the drain field. This system utilizes a network of tubing and emitters that release treated effluent gradually, allowing it to be absorbed by the soil over a larger area. This controlled distribution enhances treatment efficiency and minimizes the risk of surface runoff.

Pros:

• Even Distribution of Wastewater: By delivering effluent in small, consistent amounts, drip systems ensure more uniform application across the drain field. This helps prevent saturation in any one area and promotes better soil absorption.
• Versatile Installation Options: Drip distribution systems can be effectively installed in locations with shallow soil layers or complex terrains, making them suitable for challenging landscapes where traditional systems may not perform well.
• Minimal Landscape Disruption: Compared to conventional septic systems, drip systems require less land excavation and are less intrusive. Their underground installation means they have little impact on the visible landscape, preserving aesthetics.

Cons:

• Increased Complexity and Cost: Drip distribution systems necessitate the use of pumps and filtration systems to maintain effective operation. This added complexity can lead to higher installation and maintenance costs compared to simpler septic systems.
• Regular Maintenance Requirements: These systems require more frequent monitoring and maintenance to ensure that filters and emitters remain clear and functional. Homeowners must stay proactive in upkeep to avoid performance issues.
• Energy Consumption: The reliance on electric pumps for distribution can lead to higher energy consumption, which may be a concern for some property owners, especially in areas where electricity costs are high.

Ensure Your Septic System Stays Healthy!

Proper maintenance of your septic system is crucial for its longevity and efficiency. Regular servicing, including septic tank pumping in Flesherton and throughout the GTA, can prevent costly repairs and ensure your system functions smoothly.

If you need assistance or have questions about your septic system, don’t hesitate to reach out to Plumbing Authority at (647) 992-7473. Our team of experts is ready to help you keep your system in top shape!